A Brief Note On Healthcare And Health Care - 1016 Words

Ethics in Healthcare Confidentiality is one major responsibility that health care givers are required to uphold in their healthcare service. The health care providers are expected to keep the information on their patient’s health private in any case. However, there are some instances where they are allowed to reveal this information with the consent of the patients or not. Due to the revolution in technology health care confidentiality faces a huge threat. This is because it is now easy for anyone to hack into a health care institution’s system and retrieve this information. However, this problem is being dealt with by the new measure taken to curb cyber-crime globally. Patient confidentiality is so delicate that even good willing relatives of an individual cannot be allowed to be given this confidential information unless with the consent of the individual. All health practitioners are required to sign a federal law, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) (Huntingt on, 2010). This is an indication and proof that they are ready to abide by the patients confidentiality act. Patient-doctor confidentiality is an issue which holds a lot of weight due to the damaging result the breach of confidentiality would cause to a patient. Revealing such information to the public would cause harm to the patient, especially on his reputation and self-esteem. Due to the sensitivity of the information, the health care giver is required by the law to keep itShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Healthcare And Health Care2358 Words   |  10 PagesEnglish 10 B pd.1 Pundzak Healthcare -Right or Privilege Background Just as American population has increased over the past century, so has the number of health care providers in the country. Due to these steep rising population, America has established many health care offices. In the 1800’s European countries such as Sweden,Denmark and Switzerland were the first ones to implement public health care for all their citizens(Universal Health Care Efforts in the US). In 1906,under PresidentRead MoreCommunity Counseling Case Study990 Words   |  4 Pagesintegrated health counselor to collaboratively work with various clinicians to determine the appropriate diagnosis to begin individual counseling. During the course of the student’s treatment (i.e. one academic year), he engaged in relationships with numerous counselors, clinicians, and physicians. Mostly, the treatment plan consisted of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy sessions. Upon completion of the study, the student reported that the work of the physician and behavioral health specialistsRead MoreThe, And The Clay Hunt Suicide Prevention For American Veterans Act Of 20141524 Words   |  7 Pagespopulation is a highly diverse and prominent population group within the United States. Over time their specific healthcare needs have been at the forefront of political discussion and legislation. Due to their disparities of healthcare that continue to grow and change overtime, recent re forms have been set in place to continue to provide healthcare to veterans. This paper will discuss a brief summary of recent reforms of the Veteran Access, Choice, and Accountability Act of 2014 (H.R. 3230) and the ClayRead MoreImportance Of Information Technology And The Healthcare Industry1452 Words   |  6 PagesIMPORTANCE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN HEALTHCARE. Jude Alumuku, SEIS 605-07 Alum0001@stthomas.edu I. Introduction. II. Background Information A. What is Information Technology B. Information technology and the healthcare industry. C. Facts about Information technology and its application in Healthcare 1.0 Strategic Analysis – Industry. 1.1 Strategic Analysis – Competition III. Healthcare Information Technology Adoption, Quality and Costs IV. Problems With health Information technology V. PotentialRead MoreHealth information exchange Essay1592 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Devry University Health Information Exchange 4/8/2013 Table of Contents Cover Page: Page 1 Table of contents: Page 2 Introduction of HIE: Page3 Outline US History of HIE: Page 4-5 Benefits of HIE: Page 5-6 Privacy and Security: Page 6-7 Challenges: Page 7-8 Conclusion: Page 8 Works Cited: Page 9 In 1990 Hartford Foundation funds, â€Å"Community Health Management Information Systems.† They gave grants to seven states and cities to develop those early prototype HIE’s. HIE focusesRead MoreMy Letter : My Personal Definition Of Nursing Essay702 Words   |  3 Pagesoptimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, facilitation of healing, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations.† The most commonly used definition of nursing is a person who takes care of someone when they are sick. In 2002, Merriam-Webster’s Medical Dictionary (as cited by Nancy DalPezzo, 2009) defined nursing as a person formally educated to care for theRead MoreThe Impact Of Technological Impacts To Electronic Health Records1740 Words   |  7 PagesThere are currently many technological impacts happening in the field of healthcare. While there are many and extremely valuable changes being implemented in medical facilities, one of the biggest changes is the transitioning from paper charts to electronic health records. Over the past few years and most recently, medical facilities have done their best to improve the EHR implementation so that they are comfortable with how information is being entered into the system as well as how it is accessedRead MoreThe Profession Of Social Work1253 Words   |  6 Pagesfacing our health care sector and the fragmentation between community-based support and hospitals’ treatment. In addition, a common principle that devastates me is the so-called physical from the so-called mental. Disheartened, I made a mental comment to advance my understanding of how clinical social workers can ensure an experience of care through person-in-environment’s and biopsychosocial’s principles and methods. So, I decided to pursue the school of Social Work’s Behavioral Health Case ManagementRead MoreConceptual Model of Nursing596 Words   |  3 Pagesnoise are discussed in her classic textbook (Notes on Nursing), first published in London in 1859 and in America in 1860. Brief Overview The environment is critical to health and the nurse’s role in caring for the sick is to provide a clean, quiet, peaceful environment to promote healing. Nightingale’s intent was to describe nursing and provide guidelines for nursing education. Person Nightingale focused on the person as â€Å"the recipient of nursing care† (Selanders,2010). However, the person connectionRead MoreElectronic Health Records Are Helpful For Physicians And Healthcare Providers1048 Words   |  5 PagesMary K Horne Electronic Health Record Transitioning Professor Deana Lamolinare Devry University HIT 170 Electronic health records are helpful to physicians and healthcare providers, because they can be used between different health facilities and agencies. The Electronic Health Record system can be used to improve the effectiveness, quality care, and reduce cost in the future. This record of information contains the history of the patient’s visits to a healthcare facility along with all

Kurt Psychology Kurt Incall Essay - 1238 Words

I would be most concerned about Kurt Incall. This is because Kurt does very well on the Word Studies. He has an average of 87.14% and normally earns a 90% or 100%. Kurt is not doing as well on the Reading Logs or Essays. In these categories, Kurt is earning, on average, a 68% to a 76%. Although these are passing grades and Kurt always turns in his assignments, the class average is at least, if not more, 10% higher than his scores. Also, Kurt has failed all three of his tests and has the lowest average in the class. This causes Kurt’s overall weighted average to be the lowest in the class. I am concerned about Kurt because he is turning in his work and seems to understand the Word Studies. When it comes to the other grades, Kurt is not doing well. His performance also shows on his tests because it is clear Kurt does not understand the information or does not have the higher order thinking skills to apply the information he has learned. 12. After reading the article, â€Å"Using Common Formative Assessments as a Source of Professional Development in and Urban American Elementary School,† Answer these questions. a. What are 3 ways common assessments encourage collaborative planning? First, initially creating a pacing guide deciding when to assess students involves collaboration. Teachers at an American urban elementary school brought samples of their students work to discuss. They compared their student’s work to students in other classes. They noticed similarities andShow MoreRelatedKurt Psychology : Kurt Incall Essay1176 Words   |  5 Pagesacademically and why. I would be most concerned about Kurt Incall. This is because Kurt does very well on the Word Studies. He has an average of 87.14% and normally earns a 90% or 100%. Kurt is not doing as well in the Reading Logs or Essays. In these categories, Kurt is earning, on average, a 68% to a 76%. Although these are passing grades and Kurt always turns in his assignments, the class average is at least, if not more, 10% higher than his scores. Also, Kurt has failed all three of his tests and has the

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) - 812 Words

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, (PTSD), described by DSM-5 is in which he or she has been exposed to a traumatic event either experiencing or witnessing the event. PTSD classified in DSM is related to the family of anxiety disorders but also involves dissociative symptomology (Dombeck). DSM first identified Post Traumatic Stress Disorder as a psychiatric disorder in 1980. The 1980’s had many mental health professionals having trouble diagnosing veterans coming back from the Vietnam War. Scientists believe PTSD was identified and recognized thoroughly in the view of soldiers coming back from the Vietnam War was because they were not openly welcome and were not identified to be heroes (Loughran, 2011). Since these soldiers coming back from†¦show more content†¦It redefined the symptoms of the disorder as a normal response to an abnormal event rather than a pathological condition† (Loughran, 2011). PTSD is caused by many different events that occurs in her or his life but is mainly connected to traumatic events. â€Å"Post-traumatic stress disorder is triggered by psychologically traumatic events outside the usual range of human experience. Such events include a serious threat to a person’s life or physical integrity (for example, rape, motor vehicle accident, or violent assault), destruction of a person’s home or community (for example, through a natural disaster or fire), or seeing another person who is mutilated, dying or dead† (Loughran, 2011). Each person is different in the way he or she reacts to a traumatic event and some are able to recover easily and some are not able to recover as easily. â€Å"How people experience their wounding brought on by a traumatizing event is strongly related to their personal temperament, personal history (especially any prior traumas), context (the setting or environment), and the subjective impact of the event† (Krippner, Pitchford, Davies, 2012). Post-Traumatic Stress Diso rder symptoms include hyper arousal, re-experiencing and dissociation (Sher Vilens, 2010). With hyper arousal, he or she has increased anxiety and emotional arousal. This includes difficulty falling or staying asleep, irritability or outbursts of anger,

Analysis Of The Movie Strawberry Spring By Stephen King

A Response to Night Shift: Strawberry Spring Short Story Stephen King is the author of novels and short stories with creepy settings admits that he even has a fear of bugs to add to the list of things that freaks him out. In one of his earlier short stories from 1976, several women at New Sharon Teachers College fall victim to a â€Å"Jack the Ripper† style character with a mysterious fog that weighs heavy over the campus. King, the narrator, also a student, leads us on a twisted tale in a foggy New England town to search who committed the horrifying acts. My analysis of Stephen King’s use of the literary elements, together with his history of horror reflected from his short story, â€Å"Strawberry Spring† (The Fact Site, 8 Apr. 2017) Author†¦show more content†¦Then in 1978, his novel The Stand became a 1994 miniseries, while The Green Mile turned into a 1999 prison-based movie. In 2011 he published 11/22/63, a novel involving time travel as part of an effort to stop the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. King also wrote Joyland (2013), an unsolved murder. Released Doctor Sleep (2013) hitting No. 1 on the New York Times bestseller list., a sequel to The Shining. (The Fact Site, 8 Apr. 2017,) The setting in â€Å"Strawberry Spring† is March 14, 1976, begins with a husband recalling his time at college 8 years ago (Saturday, March 16th, 1968) and his where-a-bouts the night before in prelude to a killer called â€Å"Springheeled Jack†. Describing it as the â€Å"coldest winter in twenty years† briefly giving way to an unusual wave of warm weather causing thick fog to slowly blanket the small college town in New England for a week â€Å"every 8-10 years and old-timers called it Strawberry Spring†. He descriptively paints a scene for the reader of rain caused the air to smell like the sea for 20 miles west of the beaches, the soft drip of water from the ancient gutters as 35 inches of snow turns to slush while ice sculptures melted. (Stephen King - Night Shift) The plot of the story denouement begins introducing the main characters, Stephen King as the unnamed student telling the story and the fog plays the second main part. Our narrator becomes powerless against the need to be around the fog asShow MoreRelatedA Response To Night Shift : Strawberry Spring Short Story1220 Words   |  5 PagesShift: Strawberry Spring Short Story Stephen King is the author of many novels and short stories with creepy settings; King admits that he fears bugs to add to the list of things that freaks him out. One of his earlier short stories from 1976, women at college fall victim to a â€Å"Jack the Ripper† style character. My analysis of King’s use of the literary elements, combined with his horror reflected in his short story, â€Å"Strawberry Spring†. (The Fact Site, 8 Apr. 2017) Author Stephen Edwin King was bornRead MoreSwot Analysis25582 Words   |  103 Pagesneeded more than just an innovative tangible product. The first 12-months replacement guarantee was implemented by Sunbeam across its entire product range, demonstrating Sunbeam’s commitment to quality and performance. The inventive smokeless Kettle King, an outdoor electric barbecue, was also introduced. 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Examine the Advantages and Disadvantages to the Possible Future Free Essays

There is a growing crisis over the world’s energy resources to try and find sustainable solutions to the world’s problems. There are 3 responses to help cover the crisis; Business as usual, Multi-energy solution and energy conservation. The business as usual scenario involve the world to keep using the fossil fuels and the International Energy Agency predicts that fossil fuels will still dominate energy into 2030, which cancels out the predictions of fossil fuels running out by then with the growing population and the rapid development of nations such as China and India. We will write a custom essay sample on Examine the Advantages and Disadvantages to the Possible Future or any similar topic only for you Order Now This solution would involve natural gas consumption doubling and oil to increase by 1. 4 billion barrels a day. There are a number of advantages and disadvantages to this solution. One advantage is that that development will continue without constraints which mean countries won’t have to spend time and money on developing any sustainable solutions, they can just continue with fossil fuels and develop as nations which would increase economic growth and the wealth of the countries would increase. Another advantage would include that it is very costly to switch to a sustainable solution because the energy will need to be collected and stored and would need to be implemented around the whole country which costs a lot, and for developing nations this would mean that they can’t use that money for better purposes. Disadvantages would include fuel cost increasing. Because of the growing demand from developing nations and the increasing populations within countries, this would mean a higher price because supply is running out so eventually only the rich countries would be able to afford the oil. Also, as it is such a necessity good, consumers are willing to pay any price to get the oil or resource. Another disadvantage is that global warming would accelerate faster. With this response, more fossil fuels are being burnt, hence increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air which would enhance the greenhouse effect. The second possible solution is Multi-Energy Solution which is meeting future energy demands from a mixture of renewable, recyclable and non renewable sources. This would mean countries would have energy security to maintain an affordable supply for people and industry. Some advantages of this solution are that the country is not dependent on one type of source meaning that its energy secure. For example, wind power is useful for windy places but if for some days there is a lack of wind, people won’t have energy, so the country could use solar or nuclear energy to support their needs. Another advantage would be using enough of the fossil fuels now, while developing the new type of sustainable renewable sources which will be very useful, thus creating jobs into that type of research and development. Disadvantages would include renewable energy has its costs such as it is very expensive to build and maintain, collecting and storing the energy is difficult and it is very inconsistent. This type of energy would include solar and wind power, so they might not choose to use it when it is still developing as a type of sustainable source of energy which would ensure security. If a country is using nuclear power, then it could be very dangerous as the storing of the waste would become expensive and might harm the surrounding environment. Although it is a very reliable energy source, countries are unlikely to use it because of Chernobyl and if that happened today, the effects will be much worse. The last possible solution is Energy conservation which is a response to meeting the increasing demand based on decreasing the amount of energy we use. Reasons why they would want to reduce consumption are based on reducing costs, reducing harmful emissions and promoting energy security. Advantages are that it will satisfy environmentalists because they would be using sustainable solutions and cutting down on fossil fuels which would decelerate the greenhouse effect. Another possible advantage is that renewable energy would develop as the main source of energy countries would use, which means not using fossil fuels and so unnatural weather patterns and disasters won’t occur. Some disadvantages are that the transition from non-renewable to renewable is very expensive as installation, storing and distributing the power will all cost money and could be very unreliable at the start meaning countries won’t be energy secure. Also, countries will reject the plea of changing to renewable energy sources as they will want to develop as nations like we did and would want to have the industrial revolution and use up as much as they can to grow the country economically. How to cite Examine the Advantages and Disadvantages to the Possible Future, Essay examples

Study of Cholecystitis with Clinical Reasoning Cycle †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Cholecystitis with Clinical Reasoning Cycle. Answer: Introduction: Clinical reasoning cycle is one of the most important tools that are utilized by the nurses in order to perform correct assessments of the patients and plan the right interventions. Often a patient gets admitted in a hospital with huge number of symptoms. In such a scenario, it is the duty of the nurse to assess each and every symptom of the patient and then by applying her knowledge and skills, she would relate the situations of the patients with the symptoms and then apply her interventions. Clinical reasoning cycle makes the work of a nurse easier by allowing her at first consider the patients situation, collect information about the patient and then process the information. After properly processing the information, the nurse should then be able to identify the problems of the patients which will then make her to establish her goals (Koharchik et al 2015). These setting of goals will help the nurse to plan her interventions accordingly following which she needs to conduct proper evaluation of the results. The nurse would then be reflecting upon her own experience of handling the case by properly addressing both the negative as well as the positive points (Victor-Chmil, 2013). Therefore by this process of clinical reasoning cycle, the given case will be analyzed that will help the nurse in sequentially approaching to plan the correct set of interventions. The first step is to consider the person situation who has been admitted to the hospitals. The patient was of 49 years of age and was suffering from the symptoms of acute cholecystitis. It was noted that he had suffered from the pain in her right upper quadrant (RUQ) of the abdomen.. Not only that he was suffering from fever as well as vomiting. Patients who usually get admitted to these hospitals due to cholecystitis are mainly women belonging to higher age cohort. Normally this disorder is mostly seen in women than in men. Moreover the age cohort that gets affected by the disorder is mainly middle age adult usually in the forties and the cases have increasing number as the age increases (Alfaro et al., 2015). In this case, although the gender criteria did not align with the occurrence of the disorder in the patient but however his age was vulnerable tp the occurrence of the disorder. He was accompanied by his daughter who was of 12 years of age and complained of severe shoulder tip pain. Not only that, he also reported that he had done vomiting just before two hours. These are the information that the nurse collected about assessing the situation of the patient. The second point is the collection of the information by assessing the situation of the patient. The nurse conducted the vital sign analysis and it showed that many of the components showed signs of concern in the patient. The first one is the heart rate which was measured to be 126. This sign showed that the heart rate of the patient was quite high and he had a vulnerability to develop tachycardia. Secondly, his blood pressure was low for about 100/45 which should be 120/80 and this showed that the nurse should immediately take precautionary measure to make his blood pressure stable to prevent him from losing his consciousness and other associated factors (Noh Lee, 2015). His temperature was about 38.8 which was higher the normal and helped the nurse to understand that he is having fever that may be due to severe physiological condition. The nurse should also take proper interventions to make the vital signs come under control so that any severe issues may not arise (Doenges, Moorh ouse Murr, 2014). The third point is processing the information that the nurse had gathered form the case and then relating them with the knowledge she has to spread light on the entire scenario. The patient had developed acute pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen and his pain from this region has spread to the tip of his shoulders. These are the symptoms that are noticeable in case of cholecystitis. This usually occurs in cases of gall bladder. Gall bladder is the small, pear shaped organ that is mainly located in the right side of the body just beneath the liver. It is mainly responsible for storing a digestive fluid released by the liver. This fluid helps in digesting lipid droplets when they are released into the small intestine after moving through the common bile duct (Ambe et al., 2016). However in many cases, it is seen that occurrences of gall stones in the gall bladder acts as barriers of the digestive fluid to enter the bile duct. This results in building up of the fluid inside t he gall bladder leading to inflammation. Often there may be also other reasons that lead to the occurrence of the symptoms of cholecystitis. This may be due to the infection of the Common bile duct or CBD system along with the blockage in the CBD system (Zhang et al., 2013). Sometimes due to diabetes, less blood supply occurs in the gall bladder causing inflammation. Moreover tumors in the gall bladder may also result in the occurrence of cholecystitis. Researchers have shown that in most cases, patients who remain associated with cholecystitis have complained of constant pain as well as development of fever and vomiting (Lindseth Denny, 2014). The fourth step is the identification of the issues in the proper way so that the nurse can then form the right goals that need to be achieved. The different symptoms that were observed like tachycardia, fever as well as pain in the epigastric region are intricately associated with the occurrence of cholecystitis. Repeated vomiting was another symptom. However in order to ensure that the diagnosis made by the nurse is on the right track, she needs to conduct different tests to be assured. Often ultrasonography is the preferred test that is recommended by every healthcare expert which is mainly based on initial imaging that helps the nurse to understand the presence or absence of acute cholecystitis. Computed tomography is another diagnosing test which helps in understanding the patients who have non-specific abdominal pain (Quian et al. 2013). Besides researchers have suggested that magnetic resonance imaging called as MRI also helps the nurse as secondary tests for confirming the pr esence of the disorders as cholecystitis in the patients. All the tests would help the nurse to understand the main reason for the patient suffering from the symptoms and help her in setting the goals. The next step is detailing the assessment that the nurse has conducted in order to derive to a conclusion. From the ultrasound, the nurse can understand that whether any gall bladder stones are present or not that often results to a condition which is called the cholelithiasis. This may remain in combination with the sonographic Murphy sound. Moreover the presence of the wall thinking of the gall bladder about greater than 3 mm along with pericholecystic fluid can be considered by her as the secondary findings. Besides, the nurse can also find gallbladder distention as well as the sludge. CT is however less sensitive than the ultrasound and helps to find the presence of cholelithiasis, gall bladder wall thickening, gall bladder distension, inflammatory fat stranding, mucosal hyperenhancement and others 9Le Finleyson, 2016). The nurse may also notice the advancement of the adjacent liver parenchyma which may be due to reactive hyperaemia. Tensile gall bladder fundus sign is also note d by nurses in such condition. Once the nurse becomes sure after a thorough assessment that the patient is suffering from the disorder, she may develop a plan where urgent surgical removal of gall bladder can be included as a necessary intervention. This is called the cholecystectomy. Otherwise, the management can be done by the nurse by allowing the patient to fast so that stress may be released off from the inflamed gall bladder and prescribing IV fluids as temporary food for cells (Shuling et al., 2013). Moreover the nurse may also help in restoration of the hemodynamic stability as well as the antibiotic coverage of the gram negative bacteria. Moreover the nurse may also help in gall bladder stimulation where IVcholecystokinin may prevent the occurrence of gall bladder sludge. Nursing assessment should also include the assessment of the integumentary system that helps in assessment of the skin as well as the mucous membrane. She will also assess the circulatory system with properly assessing the peripheral pulses and refilling the capillary. Her gastrointestinal system should also be assessed for abdominal distension, guarding, and frequent belching and others. Following proper assessment, the nurse should set out goals and then perform the activities to provide proper interventions so that the condition of the patient can be developed and also to relieve her form this condition. This may include managing pain and assessment, promoting bed rest, encouragement the use of relaxation techniques, proper communication with patients along with proper food planning, promoting appetite and others. This would be followed by proper evaluation and a refection forms the nurse on her experience (Bonatti et al., 2016). Conclusion: Following the clinical reasoning cycle, the nurse can effectively assess the symptoms of the present. With proper assessment of each and every symptom and relating with the pathophysiology and with the present satiation, the nurse can effectively set goals and thereby develop the best interventions that would bring the best effect on the patient. Correctly assessing the different symptoms with the right diagnostic tools and tests are important in order to be sure that whether the guesses made after initial diagnosis are correct or not. Thereby an individual by following the five important steps of assessment can be sure that her approach towards the case are moving through the right direction and therefore quality care for the patient can be confirmed. References: Alfaro-LeFevre, R. (2015).Critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and clinical judgment: A practical approach. Elsevier Health Sciences. Ambe, P. C., Kaptanis, S., Papadakis, M., Weber, S. A., Jansen, S., Zirngibl, H. (2016). The Treatment of Critically Ill Patients With Acute Cholecystitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Comparing Percutaneous Cholecystostomy and Cholecystectomy.Deutsches rzteblatt International,113(33-34), 545. Bonatti, H., Tierney, J., Kanaya, E., Crislip, Z., Tarpley, J., May, A. (2016). Acute Cholecystitis Caused by Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium in a Morbidly Obese Patient with Multiple Co-Morbidities.Surgical Infections Case Reports,1(1), 115-119. Doenges, M. E., Moorhouse, M. F., Murr, A. C. (2014).Nursing care plans: Guidelines for individualizing client care across the life span. FA Davis. Koharchik, L., Caputi, L., Robb, M., Culleiton, A. L. (2015). Fostering clinical reasoning in nursing students.AJN The American Journal of Nursing,115(1), 58-61. Le, S. T., Finlayson, E. (2016). Surgical vs Non-Surgical Management of Acute Cholecystitis in Nursing Home Patients.Journal of the American College of Surgeons,223(4), S118. Lindseth, G. N., Denny, D. L. (2014). Patients Experiences with Cholecystitis and a Cholecystectomy.Gastroenterology nursing: the official journal of the Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates,37(6), 407. Noh, H. K., Lee, E. (2015). Relationships Among NANDA?I Diagnoses, Nursing Outcomes Classification, and Nursing Interventions Classification by Nursing Students for Patients in Medical?Surgical Units in Korea.International journal of nursing knowledge,26(1), 43-51. Qian, C. H. E. N. (2013). The Analysis of the Effect of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Patients with Nursing Intervention [J].Guide of China Medicine,14, 336. Shuling, L., Huixuan, L., Ling, Z., Huannv, W., Xuefen, Z. (2013). Experience of nursing 23 pregnant women with acute cholecystitis and gallstones.Modern Clinical Nursing,8, 018. Victor-Chmil, J. (2013). Critical thinking versus clinical reasoning versus clinical judgment: Differential diagnosis.Nurse educator,38(1), 34-36. ZHANG, J. X., LIN, Y. X., ZHAN, Y. C. (2013). Characteristics of cholecystitis patients with infections and intervention countermeasures.Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology,14, 049.